All animals:
EAT
BREATHE
MOVE
REPRODUCE


Animals can be divided into two main groups:
* VERTEBRATES
These animals have a backbone.
* INVERTEBRATES
These animals don't have a backbone.



VERTEBRATES
There are five different groups of Vertebrates.

Mammals
Breathe with lungs
Babies born live
Body hair or fur
Steady body temperature
Feed babies on milk
E.g. dog, whale, lion, seal, human

Fish
Breathe with gills
Lay eggs in water
Have fins and scales
Body temperature changes
E.g. shark, trout

Reptiles
Breathe with lungs
Lay eggs on land
Dry scaly skin
Body temperature changes
E.g. snake, tortoise, alligator

Birds
Breathe with lungs
Lay eggs with hard shells
Feathers
Steady body temperature
E.g. penguin, ostrich, robin

Amphibians
Born with gills then develop lungs
Lay eggs in water
Damp skin
Body temperature changes
E.g. frog, newt



INVERTEBRATES
Invertebrates are sometimes known as Minibeasts.
Invertebrates can be divided into different groups as shown below:

Insects
(3 part body, 6 legs)
E.g. ant, butterfly, bee

8-legged minibeasts - Arachnids
(2 part body, 8 legs)
E.g. spider, scorpion

Crustaceans
(10-14 legs, 2 feelers, hard covering)
E.g. crab, woodlouse, lobster

Molluscs
(Soft bodies with a hard shell)
E.g. snail, slug, octopus

Segmented (with legs)
(Segmented bodies with legs)
E.g. centipede, millipede, butterfly larva

Segmented (without legs)
(Segmented bodies with no legs)
E.g. earthworm, silkworm, fly larva



ANIMAL DIETS
Animals can be grouped according to what they eat.
1) Carnivores - meat eating animals
2) Herbivores - plant eating animals
3) Omnivores - meat and plant eating animals


CAMOUFLAGE
Animal camouflage is nature's way of hiding itself by looking like its natural surroundings.
Camouflage helps animals protect themselves from predators and allows animals that are
hunting to avoid being detected e.g. a lion's fur blends into the prairie grass background
when it's prowling for food.

Chameleon
The chameleon is leaf shaped when sleeping and it takes on the colour of its surroundings.

Arctic Fox
It is white like its snowy background.



MIGRATION
Instead of putting up with extremes of hot and cold some animals move to places where
the weather is warmer and where food is more plentiful. This movement is called
MIGRATION. Some animals migrate for breeding purposes.
Migration can take place:
1) In the sea
2) On the land
3) In the air



NOCTURNAL ANIMALS
Animals that come out at night are called NOCTURNAL animals.
E.g. owls, badgers, foxes and bats.
Most nocturnal animals have a very good sense of smell and hearing which enables them
to hunt extremely well in the dark.


ANIMAL LIFECYCLES